Two views of the same nurturescience: NINO view and NSP Columbia view

Comparison of nurturescience and neuroscience

	Nurturescience	Neuroscience
Relevant time period	Perinatal, conception to birth to 1 year First 1000 minutes	1 month – 3 years (ECD) First 1000 days
	Critical periods (brief)	Brain maturation, sensitive periods (long)
Autonomic objective	Homeorhesis	Homeostasis; Allostasis
Emotions regulatory mechanism	Viscera / ANS / Limbic	Limbic brain / neocortex
	Fetus/neonate acutely aware of threat	Infant and toddler develop threat awareness
	Co-regulation, buffering of stress	Self-regulation of stress (within self)
Emotional learning mechanism	ANS primary influence on behavior	CNS primary influence on behavior
	Autonomic learning or conditioning	CNS conditioning, operant
	Fetal & neonatal connectome	Prolonged infant brain maturation
	Maternal peripartum neuroplasticity	Maternal learning of competence
	Open feedback loop (with others)	Closed feed-back loop (within self)
	Dyadic / family (plural)	Individual (singular)
	Theoretical roots	Dynamic systems theory, ecology	Reductionistic logic, isolationist
Biology, ethology, anthropology		Sociology (Maslow, Dunbar)
Physiology, polyvagal theory		Psychology
Epigenetics		Genetics-Epigenetics
Epigenetic adaptation / maladaptation		Toxic stress, allostatic load
Intervention target		Boost parasympathetic, calming ANS and emotional behavior	Counter sympathetic, excitability CNS and cognition
KEY OUTCOMES	EMOTIONAL CONNECTION RESILIENCE	ATTACHMENT COGNITION
KEY OBJECTIVES	RELATIONAL HEALTH Sociality Interdependence	SELF-ACTUALIZATION (Maslow) Individualistic Independence